• pH Electrodes
• High Performance pH Electrodes
• Glass pH Electrodes
• Pinnacle Epoxy Body 3-in-1
• Combination Epoxy Body pH Electrodes with Replaceable Junctions
• Epoxy Body Combination pH Electrodes
• Small Diameter Combination Semi-Micro Electrodes
• Half Cell Electrodes
• Reference
• Metallic Titration Electrodes
• Ion Selective Electrodes
• Solutions, Standards, Buffers & Consumables

Pinnacle reference electrodes are designed to produce stable reference potential for measurements with pH and other electrochemical sensors. The reference electrodes have an internal element (either Ag/AgCl or Calomel) that is in equilibrium with its surrounding saturated KCl solution. This forms a stable, reversible half-cell. The flow of saturated KCl from the tip of the electrode is controlled by a porous ceramic plug or a ground glass sleeve. This junction provides a conductive salt bridge between the internal element and the test solution. The slow, even flow of the KCl solution minimizes diffusion potentials that can develop at the junction and ensures a stable reference potential.

The Pinnacle double junction reference electrode is designed to produce a stable reference potential. It contains two reservoirs connected by a porous ceramic plug. The internal reservoir contains an Ag/AgCl wire in equilibrium with saturated KCl. The external reservoir is used to contain the preferred reference solution. This provides a conductive salt bridge from the internal reference
electrode to the test solution while isolating it from the saturated KCl.